From question to evidence

Define the question and population

Specify strategies and time zero

Assess a credible initiation comparison

Define and validate the outcome

Consider estimation under explicit assumptions

Diagnose support and influential weights

Assess unresolved biases

Report the emulation transparently

Establish what can be observed

Write reproducible logic and dates

Design a validation sample

Distinguish operating characteristics from predictive values

Propagate measurement uncertainty where justified

Document evidence and open decisions

Reconcile transactions and capture

Construct exposure episodes

Specify gaps and sensitivity analyses

Define switches and lines

Handle incomplete follow-up

Display pathways with explicit denominators

Define population and denominator

Measure observable resource use

State whose resources and outcomes count

Harmonize monetary units and dates

Address incomplete cost follow-up

Include functioning and symptoms

Distinguish household financial burden

Define the decision problem

Compare model structures

Assess history and heterogeneity

Derive coherent transitions

Construct health-outcome inputs

Propagate joint uncertainty

Assess alternative structures

Separate verification and validation

Connect uncertainty to the decision

Preserve the evidence record